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At some distances, the effects of multipath propagation and fading made the tag unreadable.
Time-varying multipath channels introduce effects of multipath propagation and Doppler spreading.
Besides path loss and attenuation, the signal transmission impairments in wireless network also include shadowing, multipath propagation, and interference.
At the other end of the link, the transmitted signal is affected by multipath propagation and contaminated by noise.
These techniques, however, rely on multipath propagation and hence on wall reflections rather than through- the-wall propagation.
In an urban or indoor environment, localization is mainly deteriorated by the multipath propagation and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) situations.
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Wireless communications are inherently unreliable due to their time varying nature, multipath propagations and presence of interference signals from other users.
The received signals at relay and destination suffer from time and frequency dispersion of the channels, that is, multipath propagation, fading and Doppler frequency shifts.
Signal reflection, multipath propagation, noise and signal scattering have great influence on the received RSSI.
In order to mitigate multipath propagation effects and to improve the positioning accuracy, soft information concerning the parameter estimates is used.
The frequency selectivity is caused by reflections at discontinuities, which lead to a multipath propagation phenomenon and by the loading effect of the in-home network.
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