Although, the authors showed an increase in the system capacity by using their simple routing strategy and opportunistic resource allocation scheme, they did not fully consider the LTE-A constraints, such as the presence of the so-called multimedia broadcast single frequency networks (MBSFN) sub-frames.
In a broadcast network, multimedia contents play a key role and mainly include the forms of text, audio, image, and video.
The LTE-A system standard implements the RN TDM by reusing the LTE Release-8 multimedia broadcast over single frequency network (MBSFN) mechanism [31].
In wireless broadcasting system data transmission cost is very low, due to that in the broadcast network the same multimedia data is broadcasted only once and all the users in a certain coverage area can receive.
Such mechanisms can be implemented by 4G long term evolution (LTE) systems using multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS), meshed WiFi networks, or mobile backbone based ad hoc wireless networks.
The scenario based on the use of single-frequency network (SFN) with the Multimedia Broadcast over SFN (MBSFN) channel will be also evaluated for 16QAM hierarchical modulation and compared with the present work.
Furthermore, cross BS synchronization and multimedia broadcast multicast service for next generation cellular networks can be simultaneously achieved by the proposed parallel orthogonal ELs.
In October, AT&T Wireless (now part of Cingular) formally launched its own multimedia service, which is based on the same wireless broadcast network used by Sprint Idetics MobiTVV.
LTE (Long Term Evolution Networks) allow multicasting using eMBMS (evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service).
Multimedia broadcasting and multicasting services (MBMS) [3], broadcast-multicast services, and multimedia broadcast service [4] have already been studied and treated as an important development in the 3GPP, 3GPP2, and IEEE 802.16 standards, respectively.
