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To compare the anatomic features and the results of a multilevel surgery in patients with rapid eye movement related obstructive sleep apnea (REM OSA) and non-REM OSA.
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Patients with a body mass index (BMI) above 35 were excluded as were patients with multilevel surgery or surgery in levels other than the L5-S1 segment.
Other outcomes are anticipated to be obtained in multilevel surgery, preoperative lumbar kyphosis, and others.
Multilevel surgery of the lower extremity means procedures in which all muscle contractures and lever-arm dysfunctions are corrected during a single operation (Gage and Novacheck 2001).
According to Gage et al. (2009) all corrective surgeries, including foot corrections, can be performed simultaneously in a "single-event multilevel surgery to improve gait", and this concept is now widely accepted and used (Schwartz et al. 2004).
Surgical correction of foot deformities as part of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) to optimize postoperative training is sometimes indicated in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.
In one trial all children had undergone multilevel surgery on lower extremities [ 45, 46] and the PT intervention was designed as a postoperative treatment, and in one trial 18 children had had surgery and three botulinum toxin treatments 12 months prior to participation in the trial [ 48, 49].
Many factors have been associated with an increased risk of swallowing difficulties, including multilevel surgery, revision surgery, and female gender.
Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) of the lower limbs is a procedure for children with cerebral palsy (CP).
This study investigated the outcome of the hyoid suspension as a part of a multilevel surgery protocol.
Surgical correction of foot deformities is sometimes indicated in order to improve gait or to enable the child to use orthoses to optimize postoperative training after single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS).
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