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Using diffusion-weighted imaging and voxel-wise multilevel modeling, the effects of familial alcoholism and future binge-drinking on white matter microstructural development were assessed in 45 adolescents, who went on to binge-drink (but were alcohol-naive at baseline), and 68 adolescents, who remained largely alcohol-naive, all with varying degrees of familial alcoholism.
When the model is controlled for the variables that were significant in crude multilevel modeling, the VPC increased to 27.2% (Table 4).
In crude multilevel modeling the odds of getting PMTCT service were 14 times (OR = 13.99; 95% CI 4.94,39.60) higher for a mother delivering at a health facility, and a child born at a health facility was 7 times (OR = 6.93; 95% CI 2.27,21.14) more likely to get PMTCT services than a mother delivering and child born at home, respectively.
In multilevel modeling, the interpretation of an area-level risk factor such as remoteness or area disadvantage should be interpreted as the effect of the risk factor given a comparison between two SLAs of identical values of the random effect whose mortality probabilities differ only in terms of the risk factor under consideration [ 41].
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Multilevel modeling relaxes the basic independence assumption of OLS models and allows for potential correlated errors of observations (Luke 2004).
We use the term "multilevel modeling" hereafter.
In this study, we present the multilevel model (the two-level and the three-level models) for summarizing single-case results over cases, over studies, or both.
In multilevel modelling the dependency structure in data is taken into account.
In a multilevel model the ORs are additionally adjusted for unobserved hospital-level characteristics via the random effect.
For multilevel models, the numbers of units at higher levels (ie, area and families) are also important.
In the context of multilevel modelling, the empty model provides an estimate of the basic partition of the variability in the data between the two levels.
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