Among the multilevels, level 1 is individual, level 2 is 'migrant village', level 3 is town, and level 4 is district, respectively.
In particular, multilevel (first level, individual; second level, local district; and third level, municipality) analysis was used because it is appropriate to assess contextual and individual determinants of health outcomes, which were not assessed in previous studies on factors associated with access to dental care and denture/bridge use [ 7- 16].
50 In the one stage approach for relative improvement we used the multilevel (patient level and trial level) general linear mixed model allowing analysis of covariance 51 by considering random treatment effects and fixed study effects and adjusting for baseline walking distance.
Differences over time between and within the study groups were evaluated using multilevel analysis (level 1 = time point; level 2 = participant; level 3 = nurse practitioner).
Other differences between study groups and between subgroups of participants were evaluated using multilevel analysis (level 1: participant; level 2: nurse practitioner).
In the multilevel analysis level 1 represented the global ratings and level 2 represented students (Snijders and Bosker 1999).
Non-differential misclassification can also bias away from the null in some circumstances, including (1) if the exposure is multilevel (>2 levels), the intermediate levels of exposure could be biased away from null [ 52, 53]; (2) if the misclassifications are correlated with other errors [ 54, 55]; (3) if the measured exposure do not change monotonically with the true exposure [ 53, 56].
The optimized version of MUSIG (OptiMUSIG) activation function for the self-organizing neural network architecture can be generated with the optimized class responses from the image content and can be used to effectively segment multilevel gray level intensity images as well.
In all multilevel models Level 1 was period of the day [morning (7 am-12.59 pm), afternoon (1 pm-6.59 pm) and evening (7 pm-10.59 pm)] and Level 2 was the individual.
We used two-level multilevel models where the individual level was level 1 and regional level was level 2. We did not introduce the household level in the models because the majority of respondents (72%) lived in households with 2 or fewer respondents.
