Moreover, the V-antigen multifunctional virulence factor important for type III secretion system activity is expressed by the nlpD mutant during infection as reflected by development of αV antibodies following immunization of mice (Table 3 and 4).
Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a key multifunctional virulence factor of influenza A viruses that plays distinct role in viral replication and disease progression9,10.
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, encodes several essential virulence factors on a 70 kb plasmid, including the Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) and a multifunctional virulence antigen (V).
Our finding that HcpA is a multifunctional virulence factor with the potential to simultaneously mediate innate immune evasion and degradation of extracellular matrix components significantly adds to our understanding of the pathological processes underlying louse-borne relapsing fever.
Influenza A virus NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor consisting of an RNA binding domain (RBD), a short linker, an effector domain (ED), and a C-terminal 'tail'tail
These data show that chitinase is a multifunctional virulence factor for L. mexicana which assists its survival in Lu. longipalpis.
In conclusion, this study identifies the Leishmania chitinase as a multifunctional virulence factor that benefits the parasite throughout its entire life cycle.
The major structural gene of the 28-kb PEDV genome encodes the multifunctional virulence factor, spike (S), which is responsible for viral receptor binding, induction of neutralizing antibodies, and host cell fusion.
AmpR also regulates cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterases (PA4367, PA4969, PA4781) possibly affecting major virulence systems.
Ybt emerges from these studies as a multifunctional virulence-associated secondary metabolite capable of forming a non-protein, copper-centered catalyst that helps bacteria resist the respiratory burst of activated phagocytes.
