Paramyosins, which are multifunctional modulators of the host immune response, play a role in binding complement components, immunoglobulins, and secreted components of cellular immune response [ 31– 31].
There is incomplete evidence to suggest either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory role, and it may be that like LL-37, β-defensins are multifunctional modulators of the immune response, demonstrating pro-inflammatory effects at high concentrations but anti-inflammatory effects at lower concentrations 31.
The β-adrenergic pathway is an upstream modulator of a multifunctional signaling pathway implying that unwanted effects associated with its modulation could be bypassed by treating myosin directly.
Thus, nucleoli are currently believed to be multifunctional organelles and modulators of cellular responses to stresses.
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional growth factor that is a well-established modulator of vascular cells [1].
Lrp4 is a multifunctional member of the low density lipoprotein-receptor gene family and a modulator of extracellular cell signaling pathways in development.
GLI1 is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms, and here we show that a novel critical modulator of GLI1 in precursors, stem and tumour cells is p53, a multifunctional tumour suppressor (Harris and Levine, 2005).
This ability to interact with different partners defines the multifunctional roles of LF which acts as an antibacterial [ 8] and antiviral agent [ 9], antioxidant, modulator of the immune and inflammatory responses [ 10, 11], growth factor [ 12], and iron binding protein [ 11].
First, DNA methylation was a modulator of gene transcription.
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Is a Novel Modulator of Negative Affect," from PNAS Depression is notoriously tough to handle pharmaceutically.
