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A multifactorial model with polygenic genetic predisposition explains the disease characteristics [ 11, 12].
All predictors showing an association (p < 0.20, likelihood ratio test) with the outcome in the separate analyses were retained in the final multifactorial model, with a significance level of p < .05 (two-sided).
We consider that a multifactorial model – with genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences – provides the best explanation for our observations involving differences of expression of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in MZ twin pairs (Fig. 1).
We believe that such a multifactorial model, with multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences, provides the best explanation for our observations involving missing and extra teeth in MZ twin pairs.
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Rather than a simple monogenic mode of inheritance alone, we consider that a multifactorial model 7,45,83 – with genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences – provides the best explanation for our observations involving hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in MZ twin pairs, as well as different phenotypic expressions in MZ co-twins with ectodermal dysplasia.
Genetic epidemiological studies of family history and twin concordance studies are consistent with an underlying multifactorial model of disease susceptibility with a significant polygenic component.
Although this observation may seem paradoxical, it fits with a multifactorial model of how complex human traits are influenced by numerous genes that interact with one another, and with the environment, to produce a specific phenotype.
Population-based analysis from the University of Texas suggested that adjuvant radiotherapy improved early survival compared with surgery alone in a multifactorial model, although adjuvant RT may be associated with long-term (>5 years) survival decrement in univariate analysis [10].
These findings are compatible with the multifactorial model and provide an example of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
In general, our data are well in line with the multifactorial model of fears and phobias (Muris and Merckelbach 2001).
Additionally, the study will provide preliminary data of associations among hypothesized predictors, mediators and moderators of pregnancy weight gain and postpartum weight loss and retention, in accordance with the multifactorial model shown in Figure 1.
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