Thus, most birth defects can be considered to be of multifactorial causation that is due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors.
For the purposes of this article, we take the view of obesity as a heterogenous syndrome with a multifactorial causation requiring a multipronged and individualised treatment, of which pharmacology would be one prong.
Risk factor epidemiology has proved successful in formally integrating multifactorial causation and at the same time fostering the primacy of individual decision autonomy, which constitutes health as an issue to act upon individually [ 57].
> -wrap-foot> Three of the four lowest-scoring concepts deal with complex traits (continuous variation, polygenic inheritance, and multifactorial causation [concepts 6, 7, and 11, respectively, in Table 1]).
This is most likely due to their complex, multifactorial causation which is thought to involve contributions from both genetic and environmental factors (2– 4).
The five lowest-scoring concepts ranged from 0.3 0.8 (continuous variation; polygeny; differential gene expression; multifactorial causation; and the connection between mutations and inherited vs. somatic genetic disease).
Not surprisingly, low scores for concepts related to complex traits and multifactorial causation (concepts 6, 7, and 11) contributed substantially to low average scores for most states.
This is even more true in the context of multifactorial diseases, for not only are multiple genetic variants, each with their own effect sizes, involved in the causation of multifactorial diseases, there are also environmental factors at play.
