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In certain countries, including Mexico, Pakistan and Egypt, the number of those living in multidimensional poverty is twice the number who are living on less than $1.25 a day, and is more than 1 million people.
Multidimensional poverty is measured using the Alkire-Foster method, and household environment is measured using access to improved sanitation, drinking water and cooking fuel.
Our findings establish that intensity of multidimensional poverty is higher for PSMI than the rest of the population.
Intensity of multidimensional poverty is higher for PSMI, particularly women with SMI and those from scheduled castes/scheduled tribes/other backward castes.
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It also holds true for the states of India (Fig. 3a), suggesting that the estimates of multidimensional poverty are robust.
Among the states of India, multidimensional poverty was highest in Bihar (72.4%) followed by Odisha (63.2%), Jharkhand (62.2%), Assam (61.7%), Madhya Pradesh (60.2%) and Uttar Pradesh (60.1%).
The conditions with the highest proportion of individuals in multidimensional poverty were depression/mood affecting disorders (26% in multidimensional poverty) and mental and behavioural disorders (22%).
The conditions with the highest proportion of individuals in multidimensional poverty were diseases of the respiratory system (43% were in multidimensional poverty) and other diseases of the circulatory system (41% were in multidimensional poverty).
Multidimensional poverty was significantly higher for female PSMI compared with female controls for any threshold between one and seven dimensions (p<0.001) but also for male PSMI for any threshold between one and nine dimensions.
After equivalising for the costs of disability in adults, the most common chronic health conditions among those in multidimensional poverty were still arthritis and related disorders (13%), back problems (12%), mental and behavioural disorders (9%), hypertension (5%) and asthma (4%).
The chronic health conditions most commonly associated with multidimensional poverty were arthritis and related disorders, back problems and mental and behavioural disorders all of which have been shown to be preventable.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com