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For the first scenario, we compare the signaling loads for the three control entities of the three architectures and show the impact that these values have on the tracking area size for both unicast paging and multicast paging.
However, as shown in Equations (3) and (4) in the traditional LTE/EPC architecture, the signalling load caused by the network‐triggered service request is proportional to the C TAU value in the case of unicast paging while the signalling load is constant to the C TAU value in the case of multicast paging.
b Multicast paging.
Such reason results in the difference in the signaling loads between unicast and multicast paging as shown in Fig. 12 a, b.
For multicast paging support, the corresponding value will be the sum of Equations (1), (2), (4), (5) for handover with X2 support or (6) for handover without X2 support, and (7).
As shown in this figure, when C TAU is too small (lower than 10), the signalling load for all control entities is too high for either unicast paging or multicast paging.
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This occurs before beginning a multicast session and also occurs when a web page is refreshed.
The MC can send the paging message either as a unicast or as a multicast message, as described in [19].
This paper studies the security issues that arise in an overlay multicast architecture where service providers distribute content such as web pages, static and streaming multimedia data, realtime stock quotes, or security updates to a large number of users.
On the Home Page there is a /AES), Wireless Channel, Wireless Multicast Rate.
Then you hit the up/down tuning buttons to find the multicast channel.
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