In the cyclic stress strain curve the material hardens linearly during multi step testing, whereas single step testing leads to excessive hardening at the largest strain amplitudes.
The multi-step tests (i.e. injection of guar gum at constant concentration with a step increase of flow velocity), performed at three polymer concentrations (1.5, 3 and 4 g/l) provided information on the rheological properties of guar gum solutions when flowing through a porous medium at variable discharge rates, which mimic the injection in radial geometry.
Parameter identification scheme is implemented based on the results of the multi-step relaxation tests and monotonic shear tests.
In the present paper, the processes associated with guar gum injection in porous media are studied performing single-step and multi-step filtration tests in sand-packed columns.
This was previously a multi step process.
Interestingly, the voltage lagged behind the current for several minutes in the multi-current-step test for the contaminated electrolyser, which phenomenon may be used for judging whether the SPE water electrolyser performance degradation is due to the metal ions contamination.
When applying the GLM to the independent time courses, a multi-step-up test was used to correct for multiple comparisons over components (Nichols and Hayasaka 2003).
In order to identify constitutive relations of each element in the rheology model, an experimental scheme comprised of three types of tests, namely a cyclic shear (CS) test, a multi-step relaxation (MSR) test, and a simple relaxation (SR) test, are carried out at room temperature.
Then, uniaxial constant rate tensile tests and multi-step tensile-relaxation tests are used to verify the accuracy of the model.
In this study, a multi-step approach for testing antifouling coatings was established employing photoautotrophic biofilm formation of marine microorganisms in micro- and mesoscoms.
For verification of high temperature creep fatigue interaction rules for EUROFER 97, different LCF multi-step experiments (2- and 3-step tests) were performed at 450 and 550 °C.
