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Every multi-path model is assumed to hold for all sensors within the corresponding array.
Free-space model is used when the distance is less than a threshold value d 0; otherwise, multi-path model is used.
The top-down method regards the PLC channel as a multi-path model and uses curve fitting techniques to obtain the required parameters based on the actual measurement results of the transmission characteristics.
For the channel implementation, we have used a multi-path Model E channel, which corresponds to a typical office environment for non line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions with an exponential decay power profile [19].
If the distance d is less than d0, the free space model is used as the energy consumption model of the transmitter; otherwise, the multi-path model is used.
It is noteworthy that, although we mainly consider the single-path Gaussian propagation senior in this article, we may still adopt an extended multi-path model in order to conveniently formulate the dynamic system model in (5) and (6), i.e., this memory model may be always necessary when considering the applications of PF to the specific nonlinear estimation problem.
Findings from multi-group path model comparison analysis revealed that the roles of PEOU and PU in determining Att and PI of a sustainability labelled apparel product were not different whether or not they were a sustainability label user.
A multi-group path model was used to compare differences in the associations between female and male adolescents.
The multi-group path models also had satisfactory goodness-of-fit.
When the transmission distance is less than the threshold value d 0, the power amplification uses the free space propagation model; otherwise, the multi-path fading model is used.
This is, if the transmission distance dmodel; otherwise, the multi-path attenuation model is adopted.
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