All offspring sampled in this study were identified back to their family of origin by screening highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and matching their multi-locus genotypic profiles to pairs of parents using the genotype-exclusion based family assignment program FAP v. 3.6 [ 69].
In this case, multi-locus genotypic data collected from population samplings on Floreana Island, Española Island, and Puerto Bravo on Vólcan Wolf on Isabela Island were used as the parental populations for genotype simulations.
Third, the ratio of the number of observed genotypes (G) to the number of individuals sampled (N) ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 (0.024±0.011, mean±SD), and the ratio of the observed multi-locus genotypic diversity to that expected under sexual reproduction (GO/GE) from 0.141 to 0.048 (0.128±0.035, mean ± SD).
The multi-locus genotypic assignment method employed in Structure v. 2.2 [ 43] was used to estimate the probable number of discrete population clusters (K) represented by the data.
This approach involves use of multi-locus genotypic data to assign individuals to clusters or groups (k) without prior knowledge of their population affinities.
This approach involves use of multi-locus genotypic data to assign individuals to k clusters or groups without prior knowledge of their population affinities.
According to the genealogical species concept, species are defined as multi-locus "genotypic clusters" that remain distinct even in the presence of gene flow among each other [ 1- 3].
This approach uses multi-locus genotypic data to assign individuals to clusters or groups (k) without prior knowledge of their population affinities and assumes loci in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
We identified 15 multi-locus genotypes, which we subdivided into 6 genotypic groups by classifying their alleles by function.
This implementation is based on simulation studies that assumed traits to be normally distributed with equal genotypic variances for each of the multi-locus genotype combinations corresponding to a bi-allelic functional SNP pair [ 6, 29].
We classified the 53 photoperiod-insensitive accessions into 15 multi-locus genotypes, and then grouped the alleles by function to subcategorize the accessions into 6 genotypic groups (e1/ e1/ e1/ e1/ E3/ e4, e1/ e3/ E4, e1-as/ e3/ e4, e3/and E1/ E4, and E1/ e3/ e4), where e1, e3, and e4 refer to loss-of-function alleles at the respective locus (Table 1).
