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Mucosal administration of drugs and drug delivery systems has gained increasing interest.
Thwala, L. N., Preat, V. & Csaba, N. S. Emerging delivery platforms for mucosal administration of biopharmaceuticals: a critical update on nasal, pulmonary and oral routes.
Maron, R. et al. Mucosal administration of heat shock protein-65 decreases atherosclerosis and inflammation in aortic arch of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.
This study demonstrates that mucosal administration of CTH522 adjuvanted with chitosan-coated LPNs represents a promising strategy to modulate the magnitude of mucosal vaccine responses.
Regarding the close association between activation of Th1 cells and IL-18, mucosal administration of IL-18 may be specific for preventing intracellular infections.
In conclusion, mucosal administration of Flt3L activates the interconnection between innate and adaptive immunity, which elicits both mucosal and systemic immune responses.
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As Th2 primed cytokines, mucosal administrations of IL-4 or IL-5 facilitate strong humoral immune responses.
Direct mucosal administrations of soluble antigens only elicit relative low immunogenicity, thus safe and efficacious mucosal adjuvants are often co-administered with antigens to increase immunogenicity of non-living vaccines (De Magistnis, 2006).
Oro-mucosal administration of murine IFN-α significantly reduced the production of allergen specific IgE and the recruitment of eosinophil without detectable toxicity in mice (Meritet et al., 2001).
Translation from bench to bedside is particularly challenging for mucosal administration since a variety of parameters will influence the specific barrier properties of the mucus including the luminal fluids, the microbiota, the mucus composition and clearance rate, and the condition of the underlying epithelia.
This article focuses on the rational design of strategies to modulate appropriate immunological effector functions on the basis of selection of (i) attenuating mutations of the Salmonella strains, (ii) specific expression systems for the heterologous antigens, and (iii) route of mucosal administration.
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