Histologically, Barrett's mucosa is characterized by the following three features: proper esophageal glands or ducts beneath the overlying columnar epithelium, squamous epithelial islets in the columnar epithelium, and double-layered lamina muscularis mucosae [7].
During recovery, the CCR9−/− colonic mucosa is characterized by the accumulation of activated macrophages and elevated levels of Th1/Th17 inflammatory cytokines.
Normal mucosa is characterized by uniform, well-defined layers as shown in Fig. 2(a).
Physiologically human gastric mucosa is characterized by relatively high level of gangliosides, higher even than in the intestinal mucosa [ 84].
The intestinal mucosa is characterized by complex metabolic and immunological processes driven highly dynamic gene expression programs.
'Tamoxifen mucosa' differs from the atrophic mucosa in postmenpausal women who are not treated with tamoxifen as their mucosa is characterized as pale, thin, and without protuberances[ 44 ].
Scarred VF mucosa is characterized by disordered tissue biomechanics and vibratory function, which can result in loss of voice (dysphonia) and reduced quality of life.
The transcription-regulating network of colorectal adenomas (compared with that of normal colorectal mucosa) is characterized by significantly altered expression of over 250 TF genes, many of which have never been investigated in relation to colorectal tumorigenesis.
The mechanisms of action remain unclear but could be related to the regulation of intestinal mucosal biology where the intestinal mucosa was characterized by higher villi, deeper crypts, increased number of goblet cells and a thicker mucus layer on the colonic epithelium [ 153].
Cells cultured from the palatal mucosa and gingival graft were characterized as fibroblasts by their morphology and staining with fibroblast surface protein (FSP; ab 11333, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) by means of immunostaining [ 11].
