total RNA from Caco2-BBE cells, mucosa of mouse colon tissue and patients biopsy specimens were extracted with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), reverse transcribed using the Thermoscript™ RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and purified with the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD).
Sulindac sulfide-induced up-regulation of NF-κB target genes was detected in four colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT-15, HCT-116, SW480 and SW620 as well as in the mucosa of mouse proximal colon one week after the start of sulindac diet.
We have recently determined that a multitude of cellular and molecular changes, not surprisingly, occur in the laryngeal mucosa of mice and in laryngeal cell cultures exposed to conventional cigarette smoke.
This dissimilarity could be explained by the relatively lower numbers of LCs in the sublingual mucosa of mice in comparison to human.14, 50 Nonetheless, studies in both human and mice point out that the sublingual mucosa is an attractive immunological site to induce tolerance.
To study alterations in the saccharide residues of mucins induced by E. caproni infections and rIL-25 treatment which can be associated with resistance development, four lectins with different ligand specificity were used to stain the ileal mucosa of mice belonging to the different groups.
Furthermore, no haemagglutination or haemolysis processes were observed when the particles were incubated with erythrocytes, and no toxicity signals appeared in the nasal mucosa of mice after the administration of CS-NLCs.
We were able to identify two populations of DCs in the gastric mucosa of mice.
Finally, it is proposed that the greater recovery of transparent pneumococci from the nasal mucosa of mice is due to their propensity to detach more easily [16].
Therefore, we directly compared the intestinal mucosa of mice with CDC25 inactivation to mice treated with the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan, which induces DNA damage thereby leading to cell cycle arrest [19].
Furthermore, significantly increased levels of β-catenin protein and nuclear localization were observed upon examination of the colonic mucosa of mice subjected to combined depletion of folate and B-vitamins for a period of 10 weeks [22].
More specifically, inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, genes involved in glucose homeostasis, apoptosis and protein synthesis are down-regulated in the colonic mucosa of mice lacking PPAR γ in T cells [11], whereas the lysosomal gene expression represents the primary pathway modulated in IEC-specific PPAR γ null mice.
