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Most HNCs (>90%) are squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) that arise from the mucosa lining of the upper aero-digestive tract (Pai and Westra, 2009; Marur et al, 2010).
Selective COX-2 inhibitors aim to inhibit the COX-2 enzyme (which is responsible for inflammation), without inhibiting the COX-1 enzyme (which helps to protect the mucosa lining of the stomach and other parts of the gastro-intestinal tract) [ 3].
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The OM is accompanied by a significant thickening of the middle ear mucosa lining, expansion of mucin-secreting goblet cell populations and raised levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF-α and IL-1β in ear fluids.
Consistent with partial recovery of OE thickness at 28 days PI, there was also incomplete restoration of the numbers of OMP-positive OSNs in the nasal mucosa lining the dorsolateral meatuses of OSNs and OE thickness.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the mucosa lining, accounts for over 90% of oral malignancies [ 31].
The pathogenesis of OM is multifactorial in mouse mutants, including defects in host defence (43– 45) and the mucociliary system of the mucosa lining the middle ear cavity (46– 46).
A total maxillectomy always causes composite defects of maxilla, zygomatic bone, orbital floor or rim, and palatal and nasal mucosa lining.
When psoriasis involves the oral mucosa (the lining of the mouth), it may be asymptomatic, but it may appear as white or grey-yellow plaques.
Ulcerative colitis affects the mucosa (epithelial lining of the gut), whereas Crohn's disease affects the whole bowel wall.
Intestinal crypts are finger-like invaginations of the intestinal mucosa lined by a monolayer of epithelial cells.
In recent times, a great deal of interest has focused on the use of the mucosal lining of body cavities including the oral mucosa.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com