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RhoB F is a potent activator of NFκB, whereas much weaker activation is observed for other forms of RhoGTPases (i.e. RhoB-GG, RhoA and RhoC) [ 89].
It is relevant to note that hydrophobic polymers such as polyethylene or polydimethylsiloxane brought into contact with serum caused a much weaker activation of the complement compared with that in hydrophilic polymers such as PVA or cellulose.
It was noticeable that less PBD was recruited by ARNO-decorated PL beads relative to SopE-decorated PL beads shown in Figure 2A (PBD), indicating much weaker activation of Rho GTPases by ARNO.
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Compared to insulin stimulation, rmIL-22 induced much weaker pAKT activation in primary mouse hepatocytes.
In contrast, ArflGTPγS PL beads alone (i.e., without SopE) recruited actin but only generated short (∼5 μm) actin comet tails (arrows) in N-WASP-inhibited extract, indicating much weaker WRC activation.
Moreover, the contribution from the NO-dependent ERK activation path is much weaker compared with Ras-dependent ERK activation and MLC activation by the individual mediator VEGF.
While conditions of natural CRISPR/Cas induction are currently unclear [ 13], it is likely that activation of the CRISPR array promoter is much weaker compared to the activation of the cas promoter (note that repression of the cas promoter by H-NS was found to be significantly stronger than repression of the CRISPR promoter) [ 10, 16].
While the background fluorescence of C2 2 was extremely low and that led to a high enhancement ratio (∼2000×), C2 2 had a much weaker emission intensity after activation (bulk intensity ∼20% of C3 4 and 15% of C6 6, Figure 4 a).
In particular, the coupling between voltage and channel activation is much weaker in TRPV1 than that in most Kv channels.
A possible explanation is that the NL4-3 Vpuseded in most studies is a much weaker inhibitor of NF-κB activation than vpu alleles derived from primary HIV-1 strains.
Unfortunately, the threshold for T cell activation can be much weaker than this, such that pMHC tetramers sometimes fail to detect T cells capable of responding to the multimerized ligand.
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