Whereas the installation of new populations obviously required seed dispersal and establishment, most subsequent gene dispersal seems mediated through pollen, as indicated by the much stronger among-population differentiation at cpDNA (only dispersed by seeds) than at nDNA (dispersed by both seeds and pollen) markers.
However, the correlation was much stronger when the populations from East Asia and Oceania were excluded from the analyses (r = 0.640, P <10−4, Fig. 7c).
We compared the results of the previous studies and found the association between rs4430796 and prostate cancer was much stronger in the Japanese population than in the United States population (P = 0.049).
Artificially selected populations can be subjected to much stronger selection pressures than natural populations, thus their adaption to a new experimental environment can be considered to be a process of accelerated evolution.
Indeed, a previous DNA diversity study has demonstrated that isolation between the populations of S. globosa from different islands is much stronger than one between the populations from the same island [32].
He accused the government of "selling the country's honour for 30 pieces of silver".Oil-rich Azerbaijan, with three times Armenia's population and a much stronger army, seems ready to ride out the storm.
The correlation was much stronger when the Asian and Oceanian populations were excluded from the analyses (r = 0.789, P <10−5, Fig. 7e).
Consequently, as is widely recognised for many Lepidoptera e.g., [ 52, 53], differentiation in mtDNA among populations is usually much stronger than in nuclear DNA (e.g., EF-1α).
A much stronger study design would be a population-based sample, followed prospectively from midlife to autopsy (level of evidence = A1).
In contrast, average population size has a much stronger effect when it is artificially kept constant.
