In contrast, there was nearly uniform distribution of p-values generated from the partial body radiation, suggesting a much smaller response.
GCaMP1.6 (Figure 3D) gave much smaller response amplitudes than GCaMP2 (1 AP, 4±4% ΔF/F, n = 5; 40 AP, 155±28% ΔF/F, n = 5) at room temperature.
This fact could explain why THP-1 cells produced a much smaller response to LPS than PBM and also the difference of kinetics in the LPS induced TNF secretion.
We could have easily missed a much smaller response because of the sample size, although the clinical significance of such a response is unknown.
In cultured cells, ethanol treatment increases innate immune gene expression in a time-dependent fashion, mimicking responses to LPS or IL-1β administration, although ethanol induces a much smaller response (Crews et al. 2013).
The magnitude of lower leaf N concentration in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 varied seasonally with a much smaller response to elevated CO2 in the slower growing winter season.
We also measured the response of AF7 to stimuli of varying speeds, and found that the optimal speed was 90°/s, and stimuli slower than 12°/s or faster than 360°/s evoked a much smaller response in these axons.
Subsequent fluid administration increased the cardiac output linearly but was associated with a much smaller response in the microcirculation, indicating that the administrated fluid volume had reached a plateau in advance of the macrocirculation [ 81].
The neural response in higher auditory areas to sustained sounds such as the temporally filtered version of song are characterized by a strong onset response followed by a much smaller sustained response (Grace et al., 2003).
When response R1 is unlikely and much smaller than response R2, B 12 a asymptotically approaches 1 to indicate this, and conversely, B 12 a approaches −1 when response R2 is unlikely and much smaller than response R1.
