We may have identified, in a much smaller region, genetic markers of the predisposition to such epigenetic alterations and, because a mismatch repair gene, MLH1, is involved, microsatellite instability invariably develops.
The variation due to litter explained a fraction of 0.07±0.009 of the total variation, much smaller than the genetic.
Comparisons of the transcription profiles of cells from the light treatment, with the same cells that were transferred to darkness for 6 hours (light-to-dark treatment), showed an overlapping, but much smaller change in genetic expression (Table S2).
In contrast, the 40% CR females that demonstrated the greatest learning improvement in the 14-Unit T-maze in our previous study displayed a much smaller range of genetic modulation, perhaps suggesting the presence of a pre-programmed capacity, or 'genetic engram', to change in response to the caloric restriction.
The lack of significant effect in lung cancer might reflect the overwhelming effect of tobacco smoke as a causative risk factor, masking the much smaller contribution of genetic susceptibility factors such as rs17878362.
In one meta-analysis that included only patients with acute coronary syndromes, there was strong evidence for an effect of variant alleles on outcomes, whereas another analysis that included trials with different indications (and in which the efficacy of clopidogrel itself appears to be less) reported a much smaller effect of genetic variation on outcome.
Despite this, including dominance in the prediction model did not increase the accuracy of prediction of genetic and phenotypic values for any trait, which is probably because the dominance variance is much smaller than the additive genetic variance, and dominance effects are difficult to estimate accurately.
"However, the influence of adverse sleep characteristics on body weight is much smaller in those with low genetic obesity risk - these people appear to be able to 'get away' with poorer sleep habits to some extent". Co-author Dr Carlos Celis said: "It appears that people with high genetic risk for obesity need to take more care about lifestyle factors to maintain a healthy body weight.
However, the difference between models is expected to be much smaller under more complex genetic architectures and, perhaps more importantly, when the marker panel does not contain markers in tight LD with QTL, e.g., Wimmer et al. (2013).
