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This behavior is remarkably similar to what we observe in protein sequence/structure relations (with the sequence playing the role of genotype and the structure of phenotype) where a huge sequence space maps into a much smaller fold space.
The biggest differences came from genes like HSPA1L and IGJ, which showed much smaller fold changes in arrays than in sequencing.
O2− levels were also elevated in amino endoperoxide-treated cells when compared with vehicle control, albeit with a much smaller fold change (∼0.6-fold increase with 500 μM of 4-Me; Figure 4c).
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The contrast of U with D displayed much smaller fold-change differences for most genes, the main exceptions being ependymin and phosphoglycerate kinase.
Conversely, if one goes for a preset false-positive rate of 0.01 (see horizontal dotted line), the corresponding HMMER2 fold-critical E-value cutoff will be at 10 6 and a much smaller fold-critical E-value cutoff of 10 9 for HMMER3.
Domestication is associated with a very large reduction in the population size in dogs (16-fold compared to a much smaller 3-fold reduction in wolves; [ 29]).
The increase in the HG population is accompanied by an increase in chemical exchange rate kex (kex = k1 + k2 increases ∼6-fold from ∼600 s–1 in G·C to 3500 s–1 in I·C), which corresponds to an ∼100-fold increase in the forward rate constant k1 and a much smaller ∼5-fold increase in the reverse rate constant k2.
Although we observed a 50-fold difference in viral titers between D2 and B6 parental strains, on a logarithmic scale this difference is much smaller (1.4-fold).
Although ATP also stimulates the ability of the intact enzyme to cleave negatively supercoiled plasmid, this enhancement is much smaller (∼2-fold).
KLF5 expression did not increase in veins exposed to venous pressure until after 48 h of perfusion and this increase was much smaller (4-fold) than in the veins perfused at arterial pressure (Fig. 1A).
The number of CENP-A nucleosomes we find at individual centromeres is much smaller (∼25-fold, see Figure 8A) than the total number of nucleosome positions on human centromeric DNA.
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