Sentence examples for much smaller effective from inspiring English sources

Consistent with recent experimental observations for Drosophila, we find that a few million years is sufficient, but for humans with a much smaller effective population size, this type of change would take >100 million years.

Given a much smaller effective population size in ancient times, 'ancestral heterozygote advantage' and genetic drift, coupled with less pronounced reproductive disadvantage of the ancestral patients, could provide an explanation.

Under this hypothesis, salamanders are predicted to have much smaller effective population sizes than other vertebrates.

The cluster 3 strain had a much smaller effective population size than either the cluster 1 or 2 strains.

Yet, active transport mechanisms for the autoinducer leads to much smaller effective diffusion values (see Discussion) and we explore the role played by this parameter.

These differences may also be explained by the much smaller effective population size of human compared with Drosophila (Charlesworth 2009), which results in less effective selection.

Indeed, in the context of a newly formed group, even if the members of the group somewhat benefit from the advantageous recessive character they express, they may also be affected by more inbreeding depression, and the much smaller effectives of the newly founded population could easily be overwhelmed by the sheer number of the competitors.

Due to much smaller electron effective mass at the Γ-point than that at the L-point, as well as the decreased effective mass from the heavy hole band maxima to the light hole band maxima, the mobility of not only electrons but also holes can be enhanced.

Since promising samples should have an effective mass m * for motion along a quantum or nanowire which is much smaller than the effective mass m for motion along the surface.

Subsequent work by Kilger and associates suggests that much smaller doses are also effective,[ 15] and are -- presumably -- considerably safer.

In GS on bi-parental cross populations, much smaller populations have been effective [ 4, 12], though these populations have never been proposed for long-term selection.