More recently, imaging using focused laser beams to initiate molecular desorption has become widespread using MALDI or laser ablation with electrospray postionization where fragmentation is much more controllable.
Given its low frequency in steady state, this process has been considered functionally significant in regeneration, where fragmentation appears to occur much more frequently (Nakagawa et al., 2010; Spradling and Fan, 2010).
The library produced with the double-fragmentation method resulted in much more unique reads (1.93 M unique reads from 3.4 M mapped reads) as compared to the sample processed without secondary fragmentation (0.89 M unique reads from 3.4 M mapped reads), for this purpose when two or more reads have the same starting position on the same strand they were counted as single unique read.
The flashes of merriment and simple song and dance arrive like daydreams; fleetingness and fragmentation make their good cheer that much more illusory.
"I think what you see much more than a migration to the right is a fragmentation of the Israeli electorate," says Mr Burston, whose regular newspaper columns provoke fierce debate here.
Agricultural landscapes differ from woodlands both in microclimatic conditions relevant for flight [10] and the degree of fragmentation of resources, as resources are much more scattered in the agricultural landscape.
Consequently, species that in recent time have suffered from habitat fragmentation and did become inbred could be much more vulnerable to human-induced environmental changes than species that still exist in large populations.
Here we derive a spatially explicit, sub-individual-based model to reconsider this interpretation when much more ecological realism is taken into account, including the process of fragmentation.
The tumour also induced an increase in DNA fragmentation in the gene-deficient mice but this was much more modest (2.1-fold).
Miguel Ángel Osorio, the interior minister, said that the previous government's focus on capturing or killing senior drug barons had "provoked a process of fragmentation of [criminal] groups…which makes them more violent and much more dangerous".
