Sentence examples for much lower linkage from inspiring English sources

Indeed, these methodologies, which comprise of genotyping using tag-SNP arrays, stringent statistical criteria for association in single populations, and replication of results in large multi-population studies appear difficult to apply in African human populations because of much lower linkage disequilibrium (LD) and greater population structure [19], [20].

By taking advantage of the high-throughput genotyping technologies (e.g. the Illumina Porcine60KSNP chip platform [ 14]) and of the much lower level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in outbred populations than in resource families, GWAS has proven to be far more efficient to estimate location and effect of QTL than linkage analysis [ 15, 16].

Meanwhile, the Tgs of poly(3)–poly(5) bearing linear siloxane linkages were much lower (−115 to −23 °C), and decreased with increasing length of the siloxane linkages.

With the exception of sex, agreement was much lower for the additional pragmatic linkages of initially unlinked deaths.

Successful overall linkage rates were much lower with the latter due to the use of a deterministic method, which did not allow for flexibility with regards to the initial quality of data or presence of missing values.

In addition, the top-down approach can be applied to individuals that originate from natural populations in order to identify polymorphisms involved in adaptive trait variation in a context where linkage disequilibrium is much lower, as is the case with conifers [ 10].

Although the degree of linkage disequilibrium is much lower in other populations, the SNPs that delineate the two clades in GOUNDRY 2La+/2La+ are segregating at intermediate and even high frequencies in the M and S molecular forms as well as GOUNDRY 2Laa/2Laa (data not shown).

The time course analysis of wheat arabinoxylan hydrolysis revealed that Ac-Abf51A preferentially removes α-1,2 and α-1,3-linked arabinofuranose side chains from arabinoxylan, and hydrolyzes internal β-1,4-linkages at a much lower rate.

However, the resolution of the F2 cross is much lower than that of HMDP, because of extensive linkage disequilibrium which contributes to local effects.

The exception was the C1 linkage group where the polymorphism was much lower in the spring oilseed rape types.

However, when much lower percentage of genes are homologous between a catfish linkage group and a zebrafish chromosome, e.g., around 10%, further analysis is required to provide information as to if chromosomal segments are orthologous with conserved syntenies.