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Utilizing a much less recalcitrant lignocellulosic feedstock would dramatically reduce the production costs of advanced biofuels through using mild pretreatment conditions and low enzymes doses [ 2, 15, 16].
If they are present, the hemicelluloses are rapidly hydrolyzed since they are much less recalcitrant to enzyme action than is cellulose.
Here, we report sugar release data from fungal enzymatic hydrolysis of non-pretreated and hydrothermally pretreated biomass that shows agave to be much less recalcitrant to deconstruction than poplar or switchgrass.
Zhang et al. [ 18] have demonstrated that pure leaf fractions of wheat straw were much less recalcitrant compared to pure stem, and were easily digested by commercial cellulase after moderate hydrothermal pretreatment.
Thus, future biorefineries might benefit from a much less recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass that can be grown with much less water on semi-arid and arid lands not suitable for producing food.
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The degree of improvement in resolution by GWAS over QTL mapping is related to the nature of the 'genomic environment' surrounding a gene – with substantial improvement in recombinationally-active euchromatin but much less improvement in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin with long LD blocks.
One could also imagine, finally, that the fines imposed add up to much less money to be paid per annum, even by the most recalcitrant of offenders, than was paid formerly by anyone in taxes.
The Cr III) oxidation state is much less mobile, typically forming relatively insoluble Cr oxy-hydroxides, considered to be recalcitrant to re-oxidation by dissolved oxygen (Rai et al., 1989) or strongly adsorbing to mineral surfaces (Fendorf, 1995).
Yet some are less recalcitrant.
Much, much, much, much less perfect.
Four years later, one poll has Ron Paul's less recalcitrant son at only four per cent.
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