Plasma concentrations of this immune marker can be quickly and inexpensively measured using a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which requires much less sophisticated laboratory infrastructure than that needed for CD4 cell count or plasma viral load measurement.
Consumer digital single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras are much less expensive than laboratory digital imaging systems and can capture images at very high resolution, typically ranging between 4 and 12 megapixels in a 16-bit format.
For scientists accustomed to well-documented laboratory microbes, this approach may seem coarse however, the vast majority of organisms on the planet have not been cultured in the laboratory, much less isolated to purity [ 36].
However laboratory temperature was much less variable than ambient temperature: for example, mean laboratory temperature at Everest Base Camp was 21.5 ˚C and the minimum and maximum temperatures recorded in laboratories during testing (including the South Col) were 4.6˚C and 33˚C respectively (table 2).
23 Compared with the conventional culture technology, PCR technologies yield results with a higher sensitivity, a much smaller sample volume and less laboratory turnaround time.
While their lives could give some insight into neuronal connectivity, it is an experiment that never would have been approved by any ethics committee, not for laboratory animals, much less for human beings.
Rhythmicity in core body temperature has been extensively studied in humans and laboratory animals but much less in farm animals.
Although Chlorhexidine is effective at killing MS and LB in the laboratory, it is much less effective in the mouth when these organisms are in a biofilm.
These authors expected low genetic variability of their strains and concluded that laboratory strains undergo much less intense selective pressures than the field isolates have.
The experiments show that when cells from these pigs are exposed to the foot-and-mouth disease virus in the laboratory, the virus grows much less than normal.
