More modern work using nuclear magnetic resonance and Na sensitive fluorescent dyes reports that [Na]in is much less (25-fold) than [Na]out[ 43] and is strongly regulated, changing only 3-fold as [Na]out varies 85-fold [ 44] (both E. coli).
There was much less ( 0.3-fold) αB-crystallin in AhR−/− fibroblasts compared to AhR+/+ fibroblasts.
However, these standard errors are shown in Figure 3; it is apparent from this figure that the errors tend to be much less than the fold changes in activity themselves.
Substitutions of Tyr59 affect tRNA-independent editing much less significantly (2-fold) than tRNA-dependent editing (10-fold) (Table 1).
In this study, we found that NO not only inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation, but also inhibits NLRC4- and AIM-2-mediated IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation (Supplementary information, Figure S8), but to a much less extent (3-fold decrease for NLRC4 and AIM-2, 40-fold decrease for NLRP3).
Further, the modified tRNA requires much less Mg2+ for folding to the native state at equilibrium (Mg1/2 of 0.59 versus 2.23 mM).
Reported relative frequencies of recent illness increased from 2001 to 2005, most noticeably in rural areas; however, although the reference period doubled between surveys from 2 weeks to 1 month, increases observed in 2005 were much less than two-fold (Table 3).
In contrast, when the linear version KYG-16511) of the best hit from either the C2 or C3 libraries KYG-13511) wasynthesizeded and evaluated, it also displayed reduced affinity relative to its cyclic analogue, but the decrease was much less dramatic (∼3-fold).
We found that the Mdr1ab/Mrp1 TKO mice were only about four-fold more sensitive to vincristine than wild-type mice, which is much less than the 128-fold reported previously (Johnson et al, 2001).
However, Metridia luciferase was shown to be less sensitive than the SEAP assay [17], [20] and the SEAP assay is much less sensitive (over 20,000-fold) than the Gluc assay described here.
