Positive ion bombardment also can cause secondary emission, but it is much less efficient than electron bombardment, because only a small fraction of an ion's energy can be imparted to (much lighter) electrons.
It is shown that the original SG scheme is accurate if the potential drop between two adjacent nodes is much less than the electron temperature.
Interestingly, we find hole transfer to be much less efficient than electron transfer and to extend over several nanoseconds.
Since photons move much faster and scatter much less heat than electrons, it promises to reduce power dissipation by more than half.
First, the charge carriers in nerves are ions, not electrons, and the density of ions in the axon is much less than that of electrons in a metal wire.
But much less than pairs of electrons.
Photons, however, are much less malleable characters than electrons.
Since phosphorus also has one more proton in its nucleus than silicon does, taken together the extra particles resemble a hydrogen atom: a single electron tethered to a single proton.However, the extra electron is much less tightly held by the extra proton in this pseudo-hydrogen than it would be in real hydrogen.
These are heavy versions of electrons, so they have all the advantages of electrons but much less synchrotron radiation (1.6 billion times less, since they are 200 times heavier than electrons. Go, work it out). One problem here is they decay in 2.2 microseconds.
Super-heated plasma, like the solar wind that flows from our sun, fills the heliosphere and is much less dense, only about 1,000 electrons per cubic meter, Gurnett said.
