Fels also agreed to finance a much larger colony at Hollesley Bay in Suffolk, to be operated as a government scheme under the Local Government Board.
When the increased foraging mortality was applied to foragers at the food patch on each successful foraging trip, the impact on the colony was much larger (colony reduced down to almost 4,000 bees in June), as the mortality was applied many times per day and background mortality is higher than for in-hive life stages.
Supplementation with FGF resulted in fewer colonies in F12 and LG media, but much larger colonies were formed.
The LIB-SEL population displayed the highest growth rate in adherence, and formed much larger colonies in soft agar compared to LIB-UNS cells (p < 0.0025).
Interestingly, GM3S knockdown in 4T1 cells significantly reduced the number of colonies and slightly decreased the colony size, whereas 67NR cells over-expressing GM3S formed much larger colonies than did control cells, and the number of colonies was slightly increased.
As gannets typically remain on the continental shelf to forage (location of preferred prey; Fletcher and Tregonning, 1992), these much larger colonies are likely to have established mutually exclusive foraging zones stretching into Bass Strait, potentially restricting the foraging range of individuals from the Pope's Eye colony (Fig. 2).
These cells did not display decreased proliferation when compared with control cells and shD26-1 (Supplementary Figure 4b); however, when grown in soft agar, the shSHP-1 cells made much larger colonies than the control further indicating a lack of a proliferation defect and very different phenotype than DUSP26 inhibition (Supplementary Figure 4c).
In support of this hypothesis, murine SP cells give rise to all three mammary epithelial cell lineages when transplanted to cleared mammary fat pads [ 21, 35]; moreover, human SP cells form much larger branching colonies in matrigel than do non-SP cells [ 33].
Research shows that under the same conditions, bumbles can actually pollinate more flowers per bee than honeybees, though a honeybee colony (50,000 bees in the summer) is much larger than a colony of bumblebees (only 250).
Furthermore, the colonies formed by the CCN6-deficient cells were much larger than the colonies formed by the control cells.
DU145 parental cells developed much larger metastatic tumor colonies (Fig. 5A) than MAH cells (Fig. 5B) and EcadKD cells (Fig. 5C), the latter of which formed small metastatic tumor colonies, some comprised of no more than ten cells (Fig. 5C, arrows).
