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wP-induced sera had much higher titers than aP-induced sera (Figure 5B).
As shown in Table 2, while alum or CpG alone does not enhance the VN titers, the addition of PELC (either adsorption or encapsulation) leads to much higher titers, in agreement with its adjuvanticity found in HI titers.
The antiserum induced by NCM TAIV) showed much higher titers of MPER-specific antibodies (1∶12800 1∶25600) than non-mutated and two other single- mutated forms (Table 1 and Fig. 3), which indicated that, among the four NCMs, NCM TAIV) produced the best induction of MPER-specific antibodies.
Indeed, as expected, all antisera from the rabbits immunized with NCM TAIV) had much higher titers of antibodies against the gp41 MPER domain (1∶16,127) than those from rabbits vaccinated with NCM (1∶504), NCM TA) (1∶1008) or NCM IV) (1∶1008) (Table 1 and Fig. 3), suggesting that introducing both mutations (T659A/I675V) could significantly enhance the immunogenicity of the NCM-based immunogen.
Instead, further passage of this chimeric virus was performed in ovine SFT-R cells (the preferred cell type for BDV) and resulted in much higher titers of the chimeric virus.
In the previous study published in 1984, 2 we found that contemporary lots of ISG contained much higher titers of YF antibody (1 320 ≥ 1 640) by the same 90% plaque-reduction neutralization assay.
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The llama polyclonal IgG1 and IgG2 subclass antibodies purified from the animal demonstrated a much higher titer for SEB relative to the other toxins, but at higher IgG concentrations they displayed cross reactivity towards SEA and SED, demonstrating the rationale for using highly selective monoclonal antibody reagents.
Wolbachia titer in adults was correlated with their ploidy and sex: diploids carried much higher Wolbachia titers than haploids, and diploid females carried more Wolbachia than diploid males.
We have shown that all mice immunized with OVA delivered through NLC produced much higher antibody titers for all tested formulations as compared to that immunized with OVA or OVA formulated in Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA, positive control).
Interestingly, monkeys challenged with "late" SHIV-1157ipd3N4 had much higher neutralization titers against the early form, SHIV-1157ipEL-p, than the autologous late SHIV-1157ipd3N4.
We conclude that both the ease of lytic induction and the inability of Lula to infect stationary cells are responsible for the much higher phage titers in the saturated cultures of Lula lysogens compared to the Lambda ones.
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