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Therefore, the probability of arriving, nucleotide by nucleotide, at the ATG sequence is equal to one in 12, or one divided by 4 + 4 + 4 (i.e., the summation of the individual probabilities for each nucleotide position), a much faster evolutionary process.
One earlier study on bat and non-bat CoV suggested a much faster evolutionary rate for CoV than other studies (7 ).
On the other hand, orc1/cdc6.2 copies display much faster evolutionary rates, lies in a non-conserved genomic context, and show inconsistent phylogenetic placement close to Crenarchaeota (Additional file 2: Figure S3).
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Classical ecological analyses, from Lotka-Volterra to Tilman's R* to contemporary models [2] [5], typically (implicitly) assume that competing species are fixed for the attributes that regulate competitive dynamics, i.e., that ecological dynamics are much faster than evolutionary change.
Combined with the synonymous substitution rate of zebrafish genes, our results suggest that the formation of many chimerical retrogenes occurred at a remarkably rapid evolutionary rate, much faster than that of the primate lineage.
The results not only show that the evolutionary clock ticked much faster around the time of the Cambrian, but also hint at what may have sped it up.
It does not use searches for homologous proteins and thus performs worse, but runs much faster than a corresponding approach using evolutionary information.
Additionally, the combination of SNP information along with microsatellite data, whose mutation rate is much faster, offers valuable insights into human population evolutionary and demographic histories.
"If these truly were younger white dwarfs that produced Type Ia explosions, then we could use them to study the first galaxies, and they could show how stellar evolutionary processes can happen much faster than we think".
Such flexibility is observed irrespective of a generally strong negative selection within the individual s100 genes, i.e. the evolutionary changes within the regulatory regions may be much faster than those within the coding regions.
Third, we examine the evolutionary rates of sex-biased genes and show that male-biased genes evolve much faster than female-biased genes, which evolve at similar rates to unbiased genes.
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