An unmarried, unemployed household head may have children in the family, but by definition has no spouse, and thereby is unlikely to have much additional family income.
But the Fed's unprecedented actions, in coping with the financial crisis that began in 2008, led to a vast expansion of its portfolio, which generates much additional interest income.
Education: bridging the gap for girls In the Northern part of Nigeria, many girls of school age are not able to go to school because their families need them to work in the home and also outside the home where their labour can bring in much needed additional income for the family.
Graduates in England can borrow from the government to pay for fees and living costs, but must only repay 9% of their earnings over £21,000 (much as if they were paying an additional income tax).
Just by itself this implies an effective tax rate of 33% of additional income over the range – with much higher ones at particular earnings levels – but all of this comes on top of income tax, national insurance and reductions in tax credits.
However, once a student's total income exceeds his Income Protection Allowance, any additional income can reduce aid by as much as 50 cents on the dollar.
Indeed, a recent study found that once people reach an annual salary of $75,000 (about £48,000) any additional income has no bearing on how much they laugh or smile on any given day.
Just how much extra tax has been raised by the 50% "additional" income tax rate, introduced by Labour in April 2010?
Among the flaws in the mayor's optimistic forecast is that income taxes on the ballplayers' additional income are not very likely to net the city much, because the vast majority of Mets and Yankees have legal residences outside New York State.
