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Interestingly, recently reported mt genomes of colponemids, an early alveolate lineage, suggest that the ancestral alveolate genome encoded a typical mt gene set (Janouškovec et al. 2013).
The Mt gene set is estimated at 65% complete for the 2007 Mt2.0 genome release [29].
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Further phylogenetic analyses based on either a four mt gene data set including two additional Littorinimorpha or combining mt and nuclear sequence data also rejected the monophyly of Neogastropoda but rendered rather unresolved topologies.
We used all nuclear mt genes as a background gene set, and analyzed both 5 kb upstream and downstream of TSSs of the genes with hypo T-DMRs.
Finally, the ancestral discobid mt genome has already lost rps16 and rpl36 (gene set A), which are uniquely encoded in the mt genomes of the amoebozoan Vermamoeba vermiformis (Bullerwell et al. 2010) and Malawimonas jakobiformis (NC_002553), respectively (fig. 4 B).
We then calculated the ratios of the observed-to-expected numbers for both N-mt and N-cp genes in each gene set.
All four of our newly sequenced mt genomes were found to comprise the same gene set as in the three previously reported diplurans, and the genes are arranged in the same order as in typical pancrustacean mt genomes.
From this ancestral gene repertoire, T. globosa and the ancestral discicristate mt genomes can be derived by loss of gene set C and that of gene set D, respectively.
These two subsets are the best studied of the ne-mt genes and represent 59.4% of the mitochondrial gene set.
The expected number of N-mt genes was obtained by calculating the product of the proportion of all genes in the data set with mitochondrial annotations (matching GO 0005739) and the number of annotated genes in a given gene set.
The kinetoplast genomes in Trypanosoma/ Leishmania are the least gene-rich among discobid mt genomes and can be derived by loss of the gene sets B E from the ancestral mt genomes.
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