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msec
abbreviation
Millisecond
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When two differently coloured spots were flashed on and off for 150 msec each – with a 50 msec gap – subjects reported not only seeing a single spot moving back and forth (rather than two distinct spots flashing on and off), they also saw the first spot suddenly changing in colour mid-way along its path.
Note that if I were to walk into your room and flick the light off and on for 80 msec, you'd have no trouble detecting that — so this means that your brain is 'accounting' for the gap somehow.
Experiences produced by very brief stimuli are often longer, objectively speaking, than the stimuli themselves, but how brief (objectively speaking) can an experience be? Results from psychophysics vary a good deal, but answers range from 25 to 240 msec, depending on the task being undertaken and type of stimulus.
We have just seen that stimuli separated by as little as 30 msec can give rise to an experience of succession.
Drawing on evidence from a range of experiments, Allport, Stroud and other proponents of the 'perceptual moment' hypothesis (see Section 5, below) estimated that typical experiential quanta were of the order of 100 msec.
His investigations of subjects asked to compare the durations of immediately successive auditory and visual sensations led him to conclude that 'a minimal perceptual duration is produced by all stimuli of 120 130 msec or less, and that the duration of this minimum perception lies between 120 and 240 msec for vision and between 120 and 170 msec for audition.' (1970b: 62).
In a response to this criticism, Hagan et al. (2002) showed that a corrected version of Tegmark's model provides decoherence times up to 10 to 100 μ sec, and it has been argued that this can be extended up to the neurophysiologically relevant range of 10 to 100 msec under particular assumptions of the scenario by Penrose and Hameroff.
While the potential for discernible divergences between the duration of a stimulus and objective duration of the experience to which it gives rise can certainly be significant over the short-term – of, say, 200 msec or below – it is less so over longer intervals.
However, in the case of very brief stimuli the resulting experience tends to last a good deal longer than the stimulus itself: e.g. a 1 msec flash of light can produce visual experiences lasting from 100msec to 400msec – a phenomenon known as 'visible persistence'.
Pöppel tells us that Ernst Mach, who had an interest in the discrimination of different temporal durations: 'observed that there is no experience of duration for intervals that are shorter than 40 msec.
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Coren, Ward and Enns sum up a confusing situation thus: 'the best that we can say at this time is that, depending on the specific task, the minimum perceptual duration … is probably between 25 and 150 msec' (2004: 351).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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