In another MSCs transplantation trial, Karaoz et al. claimed significant motor recovery in the MSCs implanted group, however, only Nestin+/GFAP+ astrocytic-like cells were observed at 4 weeks after transplantation [ 59].
In preclinical trials, MSC have been shown to improve liver function in models of cirrhosis and decrease expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, and type 1 collagen (47).
This review article summarizes protocols to isolate and expand bone marrow-derived MSCs in 47 recent clinical trials of MSC-based therapy, which were published after 2007 onwards and provided sufficient methodological information.
With approximately 700 patients treated in clinical trials, MSCs are showing great promise, he says.
In most of these clinical trials, MSCs are used in an autologous and allogenic ex vivo transplantation setting for repair.
In some clinical trials, MSCs were ineffective in GvHD patients.
At last, we will introduce the future efforts into carrying out MSC-related clinical trials for managing RE.
Major limitation for the use of MSCs in clinical trials is their low frequency in the bone marrow aspirates.
Moreover, recently several MSC-based clinical trials and therapeutics, such as Prochymal, have been approved by FDA [ 10, 11].
Furthermore, to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of MSCs in clinical trials and correlate molecular characteristics to clinical outcome, methods for more stringent characterization are crucial.
