Besides, cells showed positive expression of CD56 and low expression of CD106, which was consistent with that described for human umbilical cord MSCs in literatures [ 12, 13].
In vitro the neural differentiation of MSC documented in literature required 5 hours to 10 days to obtain cells with morphologic and expression patterns similar to "real" neurons [ 9, 10].
In the clinical literature, MSC-seeded scaffolds have filled a majority of defects with integrated hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue based on arthroscopic, histologic and imaging assessment.
In the literature, MSCs are described to home to injured areas and regenerate damaged tissue by either causing cytoprotection, anti-inflammation or by inducing activation of endogenous stem cells (Gnecchi et al., 2012; Siegel et al., 2012; Williams & Hare, 2011).
There is a lively debate in the literature whether MSCs exert a pro- or anticancer action (19).
According to the literature, equine MSCs displayed the same immunophenotype for CD29 and CD90 independently of the cell source and oxygen tension.
The expression profile corresponding with those is widely described in the literature for MSCs [ 11, 12, 36], as shown by our results: positive expression of CD29, CD90 and STRO-1, and lack of expression of hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45, or MHC-II.
In order to review the immunological findings in MSC research we screened the literature and compared the data on immunological interactions between MSC and immune cells.
While the majority of reported PEMF-induced effects were studied in osteoblasts, findings in literature indicate that MSCs could be a more relevant cell source in vivo.
