Generally, STP was highest (≤2.45 ms) in response to synchronous compounds of EPSCs with fast rise and decay kinetics.
Furthermore, early auditory evoked potentials (at 50 ms) in response to speech are modulated by congruent visual stimuli [91], [92].
Compared to a pulse period of 50 ms song pausing occurred with a significantly shorter latency of only 209±167 ms in response to the "25 ms stimulus" (Table 2).
The principal finding was a relatively brief surge in activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex at around 130 ms in response to infant faces but not in response to adult faces.
Mean peak amplitudes of the N1m across left-hemisphere sensors amounted to about 39 fT (sd: 8.5 fT) (mean peak latency: 102 ms, sd: 17 ms) in response to S1, whereas over the right hemisphere peak amplitudes to S1 reached 53 fT (sd: 22.7 fT) (mean peak latency: 105 ms, sd: 16 ms).
Differences between Reward and No-Reward trials were discrete, the only significant difference being a longer duration of an early map (map 4) between 200 and 300 ms in response to Reward trials (F 1,17) = 6.1, p = .02) and of map 7 in response to No-Reward trials than the two other conditions (F 6,102) = 7.1, p = .001).001
This explanation may account for a general difference of 100-200 ms in response latencies.
Deep electrode recordings in humans are still very scarce, but differential activity in the vPFC to emotional stimuli has been reported at 120 ms in response to both facial expressions and visual scenes (Adolphs, Kawasaki, Oya & Howard, 2006).
For example, fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs within 0.2 ms in response to the arrival of an action potential (Sabatini and Regehr, 1996), whereas vacuole fusion in yeast is constitutive and lasts minutes (Wickner, 2010).
Although no data are available on the responses to gap-in-noise stimuli in the ferret central auditory system, a recent neurophysiological study of guinea pig inferior colliculus found mean neural gap-detection thresholds for single units to be 10.95 ms in response to broadband noise (Berger, Coomber, Wells, Wallace, & Palmer, 2014).
