The bursts were 187.5 ms in duration (including 20-ms squared-cosine onset and offset ramps) and presented once every 250 ms for 4 s.
Briefly, E15.5 embryos were decapitated, plasmids were injected into lateral ventricle followed by electroporation with four 30V pulses that were 30 40 ms in duration and separated by a 100-ms interval.
Sound stimuli (500 Hz) were presented through headphones as rarefaction clicks 0.1 ms in duration and at a frequency of 5 Hz.
By connecting these epochs in different combinations, we were able to generate test signals with different spectral content, each one 6000 ms in duration.
An additional post-processing step is then applied, removing any partials that have an average amplitude that is less than an adaptive psychoacoustic masking threshold, and removing any partials that are less than 46 ms in duration.
To compensate for these limitations of the annotation process, we follow the decision made in a number of recent studies [6 8] to use a detection window that is 50 ms in duration.
The stipulation that all sinusoidal partials must be at least 46 ms in duration implies that there must be a minimum latency of 46 ms in the sinusoidal modelling process, putting it very close to our 50 ms limit.
In motile fibroblasts, for instance, there are transient calcium microdomains ('calcium flickers') of ∼5 μm in diameter and 10 2000 ms in duration, a rising flicker activity gradient along the rear-to-front axis, and a shallow background calcium concentration gradient in the opposite direction.
Light pulses of 1 5 ms in duration at ∼380 nm trigger precisely timed action potentials and EPSP-like responses or can evoke sustained depolarizations that persist for minutes in the dark until extinguished by a short pulse of ∼500 nm light.
Trains of electrical stimulation composed of three pulses (each 0.5 ms in duration) with a 5 ms interpulse interval were applied to further increase nociceptive specificity [12], and stimulation intensities > 2 mA were excluded to minimize the risk of Aβ fiber co-activation [10].
Continuous stimuli were 200 ms in duration.
