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Thus, in this paper, the concept of "frozen-in field lines" and of "moving field lines" with plasmas is avoided and not considered.
He was anxious to tell me that the concept of "frozen-in magnetic field lines" and "moving field lines" concepts should not be considered in studying auroral substorms and solar flares (except for solar interior); I told him that I have just begun to learn MHD from his book "Cosmical Electrodynamics".
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The transport of low-energy charged particles moving along magnetic field lines is considered.
Instead the L+, M+ and H1+ are created via electron impact ionization from superthermal electrons moving along magnetic field lines draped around Titan.
Electron impact ionization from Maxwellian electrons with n e = 0.1 cm−3 and T e = 100 eV moving along parabolic field lines is used to create a night side ionosphere (Cravens et al., 2009).
Because the simulation is spatially one-dimensional, perpendicular diffusion and gradient-curvature drift are not included, and particles only move along magnetic field lines.
Since the F-region plasma is magnetized it can move across geomagnetic field lines only under the action of an electric field, the effects of which are considered above.
Ionization tends to move along magnetic field lines, giving rise to the well known "equatorial fountain effect" that originates in the so-called equatorial anomaly of the geomagnetic low-latitude ionosphere.
The subsequent poleward expansion of the aurora is interpreted as the boundary of lobe field lines moving into the near-Earth neutral line to be reconnected.
Somewhere along the way, something must be happening that is alien to the neat picture of plasma and field lines moving together.
We do not rule out non-thermal electron beams moving along oblique magnetic field lines as a possible wave source of the event with a drift rate of a few tens of MHz s−1.
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