11 27 28 In this study, we plotted monthly incidence rates using three-monthly moving average rates.
Three-year moving average rates were calculated to assess trends in incidence.
The moving average rates in high-uptake and low-uptake regions are compared in figure 5, demonstrating that the drop in stillbirths in England and Wales was achieved by the three regions with high uptake of GROW training.
First we examined the temporal trend in annual rates of NTDs from 1976 to 2001 using 3-year moving average rates, then we focused on comparison of the NTD data for the most recent 11 years, identified as pre-supplementation (1991 1993), pre-fortification (1994 1997) and post-fortification (1998 2001).
Excess deaths were calculated as the actual mortality rate on record minus the moving average baseline rate.
We then measured an average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the 3-year moving average incidence rate for various age groups by fitting a regression line to the natural logarithm of the rates using calendar year as a regressor variable and allowing for significant trend changes between 2000 and 2009.
In the "downstairs" reservation scheme through a moving average bit rate strategy, the bandwidth at each step is calculated in the following form [13]. Consider an encoded video sequence of N-frames (from 0 to N - 1) where the k th frame is coded with r k bits, then the moving average (A) of the first (i + 1) frames is defined as: A i = ∑ k = 0 i r k i + 1 ; 0 ≤ i < N (1).
Trainees who had submitted fewer than 20 colonoscopies to the database were excluded from further analysis, as this was the minimum number required to calculate a moving average completion rate.
Increasing trends have been reported in the Netherlands, where one study noted a significant increase in the 3-year moving average incidence rate of penile squamous cell carcinoma between 1989 and 2006, with an estimated annual percentage of change of 1.3% [ 29].
The year-on-year stillbirth rate for the three high-uptake regions is compared graphically with the remaining, low-uptake regions in figure 2. In table 3 and figures 3 and 4, 3-year moving average stillbirth rates are listed for high-uptake and low-uptake regions of the accreditation programme.
