In some respects, bacterial swimming resembles Brownian motion, the random movement of particles or molecules in a medium.
It was American-born English chemist Sir Benjamin Thompson's experiments with heat in 1798 that revealed evidence for the concept of heat as a movement of particles.
An article in Science Times on Dec. 27 about efforts to test quantum theory referred incompletely to experiments that confirmed the synchronized movement of particles that Einstein called "spooky action at a distance".
Fans followed with smaller versions of the instrument, moving about haphazardly rather than in formation, an activity meant to celebrate the concept of Brownian motion, the random movement of particles.
Where Democritus believed that matter could not move through space without a vacuum and that light was the rapid movement of particles through a void, Aristotle rejected the existence of vacuums because he could not conceive of bodies falling equally fast through a void.
Scientists now are teasing out the secrets of complex multi-scaled layers of turbulence in plasmas, the movement of particles through those plasmas, their interaction with magnetic fields, and numerous other phenomena that impact the plasma's ability to be harnessed as an energy source.
In each time step, domains experience a mechanical volume change because of movement of particles.
This model was originally proposed to emulate the unpredictable movement of particles in physics.
Simulations of datasets with nonuniform distributions are characterized by extensive movement of particles across tree piece boundaries over time.
This results in interesting movement of particles carried by the fluid flow due to the combined effects of various forces.
The movement of particles in the lateral direction was enhanced by the momentum of horizontal gas jets within the bed.
