To observe the movements of focal adhesions, cell biologist Gregg Gundersen and his colleagues at Columbia University in New York City took mouse fibroblast cells and transfected them with a gene for a fluorescent version of integrin, one of the sticky proteins in the adhesion.
This movement of the focal fish between sections of the tank allowed the most efficient transfer from pre-trial to trial conditions, with focal fish and companion fish separated and identifiable, and thus the least disturbance to the fish.
Using this expression, the movement of the focal plane location with changes in camera location can be demonstrated.
Motion of the camera towards or away from the refractive interfaces results in a movement of the focal plane of the camera that is magnified by the ratio of the refractive indices of the media surrounding the object and the camera regardless of the number or type of media between the object and the camera.
Besides factors governed by beam geometry and out-of-plane movement of the focal point, a slowly time-dependent drift in the signal intensity was recognized as a crucial component of the boundary model.
The main advantage of the volumetric ablation technique is that it allows for a controlled heating of a larger volume per sonication by rapid spiral wise movement of the focal spot.
The difference can be attributed to the 2.5° sector angle of the solution column in centrifugation resulting in a duty cycle of <1%, and the radial movement of the focal point during the scan.
Because male and female Tropheus do not differ in body size, it is not possible to design compartment partitions, which would allow free movement of the focal females while retaining the males in their respective compartments (e.g., Plenderleith et al., 2005).
Movement of the focal volume to parallelize the acquisition over the spatial dimension and reduce time points between data has been performed to analyze slower diffusion in techniques such as raster scan image correlation spectroscopy, line scan FCS, and circular scanning FCS.
Side covers protect users from unexpected movements of the focal point.
