The US secretary of state John Kerry described the attack as "a larger confrontation, not between civilisations, but between civilisation itself and those who are opposed to a civilised world".
In January Mr Khatami publicly denounced terrorism and went on CNN television to call for "a dialogue between civilisations".
These incompatible world views make conflicts between civilisations inevitable, and these conflicts in turn fuel long-term historical processes.
In it he argued that the conflicts of the future would not be between ideologies but between "civilisations" defined by culture.
It hates the best of human achievements, equalities, freedoms, diversities within Islam and across the world, the fragile, precious, precarious bonds between civilisations and peoples.
Nor is it the result of an inevitable clash between civilisations or religious faiths, as certain popularisers of Samuel Huntington would have us believe.
The exact demarcation of what a constellation is, is cultural, and varied between civilisations.
Increased travel, trade, and inter-regional conflict have played a key role in the introduction and spread of diseases between civilisations and continents [ 33- 35].
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