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Regular mouthing movements (RMMs) are observed during fetal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) periods.
Normal alternations of eye movement and non-eye movement periods as well as breathing and mouthing movements were not evident.
Movement in all four extremities was observed; however, no breathing or mouthing movements were detected, and the fetus had sporadic eye movements.
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He viewed independently a sample of 30 video clips of the infants' mouthing and cephalic movements.
Spearman correlation coefficients computed on the duration of mouthing and cephalic movements among the two coders were 0.88 and 0.91, respectively.
The mouthing and cephalic movements of newborns were recorded throughout the session with a silent digital video camera focused on a frontal view of the infant's face.
The behavioral variable submitted to statistical analyses was calculated by pooling the relative durations of mouthing and head movements (total duration of behavioral items/10 sec) to provide an index of oro-cephalic activation by the olfactory stimuli.
For each stimulus, the duration of mouthing and head movements was computed by subtracting the mean value during the 10-sec prestimulus block (baseline condition) from the mean of the data during the subsequent 10-sec blocks of the stimulus and of the post-stimulus periods.
Oral movement such as sucking, opening of the mouth, and mouthing that constitutes mouth manipulation to investigate an object can already be observed even in the second trimester of human pregnancy by ultrasonography [2], [3].
In the context of SL, this gets more complex given the diverse range of potential facial events, such as head movements, head pose, mouthings and local actions of the eyes and brows, which could carry valuable information in parallel with the manual cues.
Using the mouth (gum, candy, mouthing non-food objects).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com