In agreement with its fundamental role, several studies regarding ATP6AP2 in mouse, zebrafish, frog and Drosophila have shown that its full deletion is lethal (reviewed in 11).
It is now evident that the molecular events underlying somitogenesis are highly conserved among vertebrates, since periodic gene transcription has been described in multiple animal models, mouse, zebrafish, frog, and medaka (reviewed in [ 76]).
These molecules have been applied to studies in several model organisms, including mice, zebrafish, frogs, and sea urchins.
Observations in cultured cells, as well as in mouse, zebrafish and frog embryos, have implicated IFT and basal body proteins in regulating the switch between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling [9] [11].
For example miR-263 (consisting of miR-263a and miR-263b) and miR-183 (consisting of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183) families are found in many organisms including human, mouse, chicken, zebrafish, frog, worm and fruit fly, with high sequence and expression profile similarity particularly in sensory organs [ 61, 62].
Therefore, six species (worm, fruitfly, zebrafish, frog, mouse, and human) were selected to narrow the range of species.
The maps also show that one or more family C V2R genes are located near SLC33A1 and GMPS genes commonly found in the zebrafish, frog, mouse, and human in common.
On the other hand, one or more family C V2R genes near SLC33A1 and GMPS genes were observed commonly in zebrafish, frog, mouse, and human genomes, although not in the chicken genome.
Precise and efficient genome-engineering technologies, including the custom-made zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALENs), have been successfully applied in a variety of mammalian cells and model organisms, including fruit fly, zebrafish, frog, mouse, rat and pig.
The Tol2 transposable element, which was originally found in the medaka fish [ 6], has been reported to be capable of undergoing efficient transposition in a wide variety of vertebrate species including zebrafish, frog, mice, chicken and human [ 7- 12].
We also searched for gene orthologs hosting snoRNAs in eight additional species, including C. elegans, fruit fly, medaka, zebrafish, frog, platypus, mouse, and human.
