Depending on the needle gauge, each CLP mouse was assigned to either (1) CLP-Only or (2) CLP-ODam.
Each mouse was assigned either the left or right lever to the active lever, and the side of the active lever was counterbalanced between mice within each genotype.
A given mouse was assigned to one and only one battery and received all tests in that battery.
Each mouse was assigned a density from the probability density function depending on the position of the mouse at the time of the vocal signal.
Each mouse was assigned to one and only one battery of testing, and transported by ground in a dedicated SPF van to the appropriate test site.
Six mice were assigned per dose group.
The A498 xenograft was established in nude mice, and the mice were assigned to the control (n = 5) and treatment (n = 5) groups.
When the tumors grew 12 13 mm in diameter, the mice were assigned to the control (n = 5) and sorafenib-treated (n = 5) groups.
For in vivo PK testing, a total of 48 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 24 per group), and 3 mice were assigned to each pharmacokinetic time point.
In a second experiment, drug-naïve mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: saline + saline, saline + ethanol (1.78 g/kg), taurine (1.78 g/kg) + saline, or ethanol + taurine.
