Eight mammalian species (human, bovine, sheep, elk, cat, mouse, syrian hamster, and ovine) are shown to develop PD (Prusiner, 1997; Prusiner, 1998; Benkel et al. 2007; Murayama et al. 2007).
The authors observed that all cardiac glycosides exhibited greater than 100-fold higher toxicity towards the human and monkey cells in comparison to the rodent cells (mouse, Syrian hamster, and Chinese hamster).
The metabolism of this drug has been investigated in different animals (rats, mice, Syrian hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs) and humans; similar metabolites are produced but in different amounts.
Although several animal species – such as mice, Syrian hamsters, guinea pigs, and nonhuman primates – can develop spontaneous OA, the development of disease in these models is slow; typically, more than 9 to 12 months is required for significant cartilage erosion to occur [ 2].
The pattern of amino acid tails and flat sheets is similar to that of mouse and Syrian hamster prions, whose structures have been worked out in the past few years, they report in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Mouse and Syrian hamster PrP was recognized by incubation with monoclonal anti-PrP antibodies, 6H4 (Prionics, Zurich, Switzerland), D13 (Inpro, South San Francisco, CA), 3F4 (Signet Laboratory, Boston, MA), and 5C6 (raised against full length recombinant cervid PrP. G. Telling, unpublished data).
The great majority of tumors induced transplacentally in the well-studied rodent and lagomorph species (mouse, rat, Syrian hamster, and rabbit) have morphologic features of adult, rather than embryonal, tissues.
The recent introduction of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) as an additional laboratory animal for research on prion diseases revealed an important difference when compared to the mouse and the Syrian hamster, since bank voles show a high susceptibility to infection by brain homogenates from a wide range of diseased species such as sheep, goats, and humans.
Moreover, animal studies showed lung tumors only in rats but not in mice or Syrian hamsters, and in rats only under "lung overload" conditions (Hesterberg et al., 2005).
The rat is more sensitive to carcinogenesis from nonfibrous particles than mice or Syrian hamsters, which have both produced false negatives.
Six-week-old BALB/c mice or Syrian hamsters (both from Harlan, Indianapolis, IN, USA) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 100 50% lethal dose of MA EBOV.
