For comparison, the distributions of 4 DTv distances between mouse-rat, mouse-human, and mouse-frog orthologs are shown in Figure 1b.
Rat anti-mouse CD4-PE/Cy5.5, ranti-mouseuse CXCR5-PE, rat anti-mouse CD19-FITC, rat anti-mouse CD3-FITC, and hamster anti-mouse CD128-FITC were from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA).
To evaluate the migratory capacity of the human leukemic cells isolated from the BM of engrafted mice, a rat anti-mouse CD45 mAb was used to distinguish murine and human cells.
Chicken TRPV1 (ctheV1), the chicken rat TRPV1 chimera (crcTRPV1), rat TRPV2 (rTRPV2), mouse TRPV3 (mouse3), mouse TRPV4 (mTrat4), raTRPM8M8 (rTRPM8), and rat TRPA1 (rTRPA1), were cloned into pcDNA3 and co-transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (0.1 µg) to follow expression.
Publishing both a 4-way and 5-way conservation scheme (human, mouse, rat, dog vs. human, mouse, rat, dog, chicken) picTar suggests degree of conservation correlates with robustness of prediction.
These estimates were determined by sampling all pairs of mouse:rat and mouse:human orthologs in the public databases and following accepted placental mammal phylogenies and divergence times [ 82, 83].
Opossum CES2.1, CES2.2 and CES2.3 gene product sequences, however, show phylogenetic association within the eutherian CES2 group, which includes multiple CES2-like genes from mouse and rat (mouse was included as a representative of this lineage in our analyses) [ 48- 51].
The species were aligned progressively in two different orders: Human, dog, mouse and rat (HDMR) and Mouse, rat, human and dog (MRHD).
ESCs have been derived from the mouse, rat and humans, but only mouse ESCs have been tested in tetraploid complementation assays [ 3– 6].
Goat anti-mouse RELMα (HIMF), rat anti-mouse c-kit, and rat anti-mouse sca-1 antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).
